Agriculture
January 2, 2024
Kouzin Dlo
Read SolutionImplemented by
Archimedes Project
Product Description
Gadyen Dlo, or “Water Guardian” in Haitian Creole, is a liquid chlorine product sold by the bottle to disinfect drinking water. This product is intended to remove/inactivate bacterial, viral, and some parasitic contamination from drinking water.
Target SDGs
SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being
Market Suggested Retail Price
$1.25
Target Users (Target Impact Group)
Household
Distributors / Implementing Organizations
Deep Springs International (DSI), UNICEF, and Jolivert Safe Water for Families.
Competitive Landscape
Direct competitors include P&G Purifier of Water, Aquatab Tablets, Klorfasil, and WaterGuard.
Manufacturing/Building Method
Locally produced in Léogâne, Haiti via machine-automated processing.
Intellectural Property Type
Select Type
User Provision Model
User can directly contact the manufacturer. The product is sold in Léogâne, Haiti via a network of 150 health workers.
Distributions to Date Status
The distributer claims that about 2,000,000 people have been impacted.
Active Chemical and concentration (%)
Sodium Hypochlorite, NaOCl (0.7)
Form
Liquid
Dosing method: Batch or flow-through
Batch
Dosing method: Automatic or manual
Manual
Dosing quantity
1 cap/18.9 L
Contact time (min)
30
Target free disinfectant residual (mg/L)
2
Bacteria reduction
2 log (under appropriate conditions)
Virus reduction
2 log (under appropriate conditions)
Protozoa reduction
Unknown
Heavy metals and/or arsenic reduction
Unknown
Treatment lifespan (days)
6 (per 1 pack for 1 average family)
Maximum recommended influent turbidity level (NTU)
Must be low prior to treatment
Design Specifications
Included is one 8 ounce bottle with cap for dosing and instructions in Haitian Creole with illustrations. Other purchasing option is 1 gallon containers. Almost always, 5 gallon safe-water-storage buckets with spout are distributed for free.
Technical Support
Deep Springs International
Replacement Components
Single-use product
Lifecycle
8 oz bottle treats 700 L of water
Manufacturer Specified Performance Parameters
The product can treat an average family's water for 6 weeks.
Vetted Performance Status
In conjunction with proper household treatment and storage, tests have shown 80% reduction in water-borne diseases.
Safety
If one family is using a container that is not covered, it will need to treat the water every 24 hours. If the container is covered and has a tap, the family only needs to treat it one time.
Complementary Technical Systems
Filtration method and safe water storage system
Academic Research and References
Harshfield et al., Evaluating the Long-Term Health Impact of Household Chlorination of Drinking Water in Rural Haiti, Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, 2011, pp. 274-302(29)
Lantagne and Clasen, Use of Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Methods in Acute Emergency Response: Case Study Results from Nepal, Indonesia, Kenya, and Haiti, Environmental Science & Technology, September 2012, 46(20):11352-60
Garnett, Erin. Gadyen Dlo “Water Guardian”: A Qualitative Study of the Influence of Cholera on Household Water Treatment Practices in Haiti, Thesis, Emory University (2013)
“U.S. Non-Profit Organization,” Deep Springs International, 27-Jan-2020. Available: https://deepspringsinternational.org/
Cdc.gov. Available: https://www.cdc.gov/safewater/PDF/SWS-rural-populations-Haiti-508c.pdf
“Market suggested retail price,” Deep Springs International, 27-Jan-2020. Available: https://deepspringsinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Products-page.pdf
“Water, Sanitation and Hygiene?:,” PSI, 03-Mar-2020. Available: https://www.psi.org/practice-area/wash/
“Aquatabs,” Aquatabs.com. Available: https://www.aquatabs.com/
“Goal 6,” Sdgs.un.org. Available: https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6
Cdc.gov. Available: https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/pdf/chw_trainingmaterialsforcholera_v2.pdf
“Technical support,” RFID JOURNAL, 10-Mar-2011. Available: https://www.rfidjournal.com/in-haiti-rfid-tracks-drinking-water
“Listing Category Search Page,” Nsf.org. Available: https://info.nsf.org/Certified/PwsChemicals/Listings.asp?CompanyName=&TradeName=&ChemicalName=Sodium+Hypochlorite&ProductFunction=&PlantState=&PlantCountry=&PlantRegion=
CAWST, “Implementation Case Study: Gadyen Dlo Chlorine and Aquatabs, Haiti,” Case Study: Implementation Case Study: Gadyen Dlo Chlorine and Aquatabs, Haiti. Available: https://www.biosandfilters.info/case-study/faab6460/implementation-case-study-gadyen-dlo-chlorine-and-aquatabs-haiti
Compliance with regulations
NSF / ANSI Standard 60: Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals: Gadyen Dlo is not specifically listed as complying, but dozens other companies selling sodium hypochlorite products for drinking water treatment are approved. This certifies that chemicals are safe at the maximum dose and that any impurities are below the maximum allowable limit. US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Registration: Gadyen Dlo is not registered with the EPA but sodium hypochlorite has been since 1957, and the EPA issued a registration standard in 1986 saying that sodium hypochlorite products (with 5.25% – 12.5% chlorine) do not need individual registration review. World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality list liquid NaOCl with concentrations between 0.5% and 1% as a point-of-use water treatment method.
Evaluation methods
Lab and field evaluations
Other Information
Gadyen Dlo report by Pepahaiti Implementation Case Study: Gadyen Dlo Chlorine and Aquatabs in Haiti by CAWST
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On competitive landscape, I would not call out Gadyen Dlo specifically, but would just say liquid sodium hypochlorite (Such as Water Guard or Gadyen Dlo). Also, Bishan Gari (Bishan Gari Purification Industries PLC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia), and Water Makerâ„¢ (Control Chemicals, Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa) are similar products.
Minor edits suggested to the description:
P>M Purifier of Water (formerly known as PUR) is a single packet of powder which contains both a coagulant and chlorine to disinfect and reduce the turbidity of 10 liters of water.