Klorfasil

Product Description

Klorfasil is a locally produced chlorination product for drinking water treatment in rural Haiti. This NGO (also named Klorfasil) sells granulated chlorine, sodium dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate (NaDCC), for disinfection. Klorfasil is intended for household use to reduce transmission of water-borne disease and incidences of diarrhoea.

Target SDGs

SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation

SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being

Market Suggested Retail Price

$10.00

Target Users (Target Impact Group)

Household

Distributors / Implementing Organizations

Klorfasil

Competitive Landscape

Direct competitors include Gadyen Dlo.

Manufacturing/Building Method

Klorfasil dispensers are assembled by hand in Haiti. Interview with representative

Intellectural Property Type

Select Type

User Provision Model

Donations are generally distributed by Klorfasil in sponsorship or association with some other organisations. Interview with representative

Distributions to Date Status

As of January 2012, over 22,000 units have been deployed.

Active Chemical and concentration (%)

Sodium dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate, NaDCC (56%)

Form

Granulated

Dosing method: Batch or flow-through

Batch

Dosing method: Automatic or manual

Manual

Dosing quantity

Based on NTU; if 10 NTU, use 2 doses

Contact time (min)

30 min

Target free disinfectant residual (mg/L)

2 mg/L

Bacteria reduction

Unknown

Virus reduction

Unknown

Protozoa reduction

Unknown

Heavy metals and/or arsenic reduction

Unknown

Treatment lifespan (days)

28-56 (for turbid to clear waters, respectively)

Maximum recommended influent turbidity level (NTU)

10 NTU is treatable, change dosage to reflect higher turbidity

Design Specifications

1 ounce bottles, contain 70 mg of granulated chlorine, weigh 45 grams each is enough for treating 20L water. Each bottle is labeled in Haitian Creole, with product composition, volume of water treatable, and instructions. The chemical NaDCC uses hypochlorous acid to disinfect. The compound has been proven for reducing microbial contamination.

Product Schematics

Technical Support

Support is provided by Klorfasil Technicians.

Replacement Components

Replacement parts (such as the dosing valve) are readily available, but very unlikely to be needed. Interview with representative

Lifecycle

Can be stored up to 5 years, even in hot/humid tropical climates.

Manufacturer Specified Performance Parameters

1 bottle treats 450 five-gallon buckets of water, totaling to 8,517 liters per bottle.

Vetted Performance Status

“Program technicians in Hinche report greater than 90%+ positive results for active chlorine in program participant households.”-Klorfasil.

Safety

Avoid contact with eyes.

Complementary Technical Systems

Use of filtration methods or products for pretreatment of water before adding klorfasil.

Academic Research and References

Clasen et al., 2006,Sodiumdichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) tablets as an alternative to sodium hypochlorite for the routine treatment of drinking water at the household level, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, Volume 209, Issue 2, 17 March 2006, Pages 173-181

Jain et al., 2010, Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate Tablets for Routine Treatment of Household Drinking Water in Periurban Ghana: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Jan; 82(1): 16–22.

Clasen et al., 2007, Household water treatment using sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) tablets: a randomized, controlled trial to assess microbiological effectiveness in Bangladesh, Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007 Jan;76(1):187-92.

“U.S. Non-Profit Organization,” Deep Springs International, 27-Jan-2020. Available: https://deepspringsinternational.org/

“Goal 6,” Sdgs.un.org. Available: https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6

A sample of Klorfasil was obtained in Haiti in June 2013. Tufts University is assisting the Haitian MSPP by evaluating this sample and reviewing materials about the product,” Engineeringforchange.org. Available: https://www.engineeringforchange.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/klorfasil-english.pdf

“Listing Category Search Page,” Nsf.org. Available: https://info.nsf.org/Certified/PwsChemicals/Listings.asp?Company=4H810&Standard=060

“Water and Wastewater Standards,” Nsf.org. Available: https://www.nsf.org/nsf-standards/standards-portfolio/water-wastewater-standards.

“Details for ACL 60 EUP CHLORINATING GRANULES,” Epa.gov. Available: https://ordspub.epa.gov/ords/pesticides/f?p=PPLS:8:9893004527311::NO::P8_PUID,P8_RINUM:20242,935-41

Compliance with regulations

NSF / ANSI Standard 60: Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals: Klorfasil is not specifically listed as complying, but dozens other companies selling sodium hypochlorite products for drinking water treatment are approved. This certifies that chemicals are safe at the maximum dose and that any impurities are below the maximum allowable limit. US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Registration: Klorfasil is not registered with the US EPA. Other products that use NaDCC for drinking water treatment are registered, however. For example, the manufacturer Occidental Chemical has had a NaDCC granule product registered for drinking water disinfection since 1996. World Health Organization (WHO): The World Health Organization does not currently approve products for use to treat drinking water. However, the Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality lists NaDCC tablets as a point-of-use water treatment method commonly used to prevent diarrhea in developing countries and for travellers. Granular NaDCC is not specifically listed, although tabular NaDCC should perform the same as granular NaDCC if applied at the proper dose.

Evaluation methods

The manufacturer tests the disinfected water in safe water storage container using DPD 1 Rapid test tabs, from LaMotte. They fill plastic test tube with 10 mL sample from the water, add DPD tablet, cap tube and shake gently. DPD tab will turn red in the presence of free chlorine; Klorfasil looks for a 0.5 ppm free chlorine residual after 30 minutes. If no free chlorine residual after 30 minutes, the water source must be changed to something with lower chlorine demand, or a second dose should be used. Interview with representative

Other Information

Project Report to UNICEF on "Assessing the Sustained Uptake Of Selected Point of Use Water Treatment Methods In Emergency Settings" by Clasen and Lantagne (December, 2010) Thomassique blog